• Conservation of resources is the subject heading at the top of the excerpt at right, with subheadings and citations, each representing an article on the topic. 

• The subheading Economic aspects, with two citations after it, and the subheading History, with one citation after it, appear in the center of the column below the main subject heading.

Abbreviations
Readers' Guide citations include many abbreviations such as those in the example above. The meanings of the abbreviations in this example are: v = volume, no = number, p = page, and Ap = April. A list of abbreviations and what they mean can be found in the first few pages of any volume of the Readers' Guide.  

Enhancements
"Enhancement" is the term the Readers' Guide uses for a phrase enclosed in brackets [ ] which sometimes appears after a title. When the title of an article is not clear enough to make it obvious what the article is about, an enhancement is placed after the title to clarify the subject.

References
See and See also references appear often in the Readers' Guide.

A See reference after a heading, as in the example at right, tells you when a different heading is used instead of the term you are looking at.
A See also reference tells you of other headings you can look up which are about similar subjects. This is very useful when you are not able to find enough articles about your topic under the first heading you found.

Authors' Names vs. Personal Names as Subject
Articles usually are listed under the author's name (last name, then first) as well as under the subject(s) the article is about. If an article is written about a person, the word "about" appears in italics in the center of the column, between the person's name (when listed as the subject heading) and the citation, as seen in the example below.  Note that this citation contains an "enhancement" (see explanation above).

Please ask the library staff for assistance If you need help using the Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, or for finding information in the library.